The development of new energy vehicles (electric vehicles), the battery is a bottleneck. In order to crack this, everyone focused on improving the specific energy of the power battery, so the specific energy is increasing every day. However, in theory, the higher the energy than the power battery, the more important it is to consider when it is installed in the car. Today, pure electric vehicles have a mileage of more than 200 kilometers on a single charge. The acceptance in the market has basically been recognized, but for the safety of electric vehicles, user acceptance is “zero toleranceâ€. How to be absolutely safe? It is another new bottleneck to be faced in the promotion of electric vehicles. The following describes the "Principles and Examples of Power Battery Pack Security System", which is to ensure that the electric vehicle must be 100% safe in the power battery.
The power battery is an electrochemical product, which is a dangerous product. However, the level of dangerous goods is relatively low, and the international organizations have classified the dangerous goods. The power battery rating is the 8th and 9th dangerous goods. Compared with bombs, firecrackers, gasoline and diesel, it will not explode or ignite under normal conditions. However, after the power battery was installed in the car, the environment changed greatly, and the frequency of car safety accidents is still very high. In the accident of a car (collision, rollover, etc.), can the power battery ensure that no secondary safety accidents occur? If the power battery system has an internal short circuit in an unexpected situation, can it be guaranteed that no safety accident will occur? How has an electric battery safety accident occurred and is there any way to prevent it from being amplified? The above is a must answer, and it cannot be avoided.
Second, under extreme conditions, the probability of accidents in the power battery is objective.Under the current technical conditions, the probability of a safety accident occurring during a high-speed driving of a car is relatively high. Under the premise that technical capabilities cannot meet the requirements, the current basic practice is to ensure the safety of automobiles through education and management means. In fact, traditional car safety measures are also continuously improving, but the speed of car development is also getting faster and faster, and car driving has changed from a profession to a personal life skill. This is also becoming more and more demanding for car safety. In the same way, the power battery is in a normal state, its harm is not great, but the electric car has to enter the ordinary people's home, the electric car is a household appliance, its safety must be guaranteed 100%. The author believes that current household appliances can do it, and electric vehicles can do it. As a car assembly, the power battery requires that its safety must be 100% of the life cycle of the car.
Third, the power battery security measures are a systemPower battery safety measures are a system engineering. From the production of power battery cells to the integration of battery packs, to the completion of battery system devices, to vehicle installation and installation, to the daily maintenance of users, there are safety technical requirements and safety responsibilities. The focus is on the improvement of the security technology of the power battery pack, which has penetrated into the scope of safety fire protection. At present, the power battery safety technology is continuously improving from the safety level of materials, battery packs, battery systems, connectors and wiring harnesses. However, according to the security requirements of household batteries, the gap is still large, otherwise there will be no incident of burning 80 or 90 new energy buses. Life is a matter of life, and there is no small matter in safety. To develop new energy (electric) vehicles, the possibility of insecurity must be reduced to zero.
Fourth, the basic safety requirements for the power battery packAccording to the relevant national standards, for the car battery pack of passenger cars above 6m, it is required to configure an automatic fire extinguisher assembly. Of course, technically, the basic requirement for the vehicle power battery pack is that the stability of its technical indicators is good, and that he does not have quality problems. In the extreme case, there is no short circuit, overheating, no fire, and no explosion. If the above scenario occurs, the risk of a safety incident must be minimized in a relatively short period of time and the safety of personnel must be ensured.
V. Technical requirements for battery pack safety measures (assembly parts)(1) The volume of this assembly should be small and light, and it should be negligible compared to the battery pack. The reason is that the space of the power battery pack is very limited, and the current energy of the battery pack is currently increased, and the task is very heavy.
(2) Active detection, data analysis and research, control, management, multi-function, high integration, intelligent analysis of battery thermal runaway stage and automatic intervention control, the reason is that the battery pack is a dynamic working system, and its index value is constantly changing. And it is random. These features must be intelligent.
(3) Must be able to interface with the BMS management system. The gas, quantity, smoke, open flame and other information generated in the initial stage of the fire caused by internal short circuit, excessive charge and discharge, external short circuit, etc. in the battery box will be detected and transmitted to the control main station in time through the data bus. The reason for this is already a basic function.
(4) Under the condition of no power supply, when the ambient temperature reaches the specified value, the fire extinguishing device can automatically start to complete its design function. The reason is that the electric vehicle is often in a stopped state, and the internal work of the power battery does not stop, and the probability of a safety accident occurring during this time is extremely high. With this feature, you can be safe and safe.
6. Introduction to the characteristics of traditional fire extinguishing products
At present, carbon dioxide products have been widely used in engine compartments and bus bodies. These products are used in the power battery box to extinguish the fire and start to be used in the electric bag. However, the shortcoming is that the volume is too large, and there are too many leftovers after the fire extinguishing. It is very difficult to clean up. A new security incident has occurred, and its control is currently less intelligent, and promotion is very difficult. Heptafluoropropane is used for power battery box fire extinguishing, and it is also insufficient. It is mainly connected with the battery pack manufacturer. It is necessary to transport the liquid to the inside of the battery pack. It must be supported by a certain length of pipeline, and the process layout is difficult.
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