file format
(1) BIN file: binary file, that is, binary file.
(2) HEX file: The full name of hex is Intel HEX. Such files are usually used to transfer programs and data that will be stored in ROM or EPROM. Is an ASCII text file consisting of lines of text that conforms to the Intel HEX file format. Most EPROM programmers or emulators use Intel HEX files. HEX file records consist of hexadecimal coded numbers corresponding to machine language code and/or constant data.
(3) ELF file: is the main executable file format of Linux. In addition to the machine code, the ELF file contains additional information such as the segment's load address, run address, relocation table, symbol table, and so on.
(4) Bin file and elf file highlights:
Executing raw binary is very simple, you only need to load the program to its starting address, you can execute it; ELF program requires an ELF Loader. Now that you know, uboot and Linux kernel start without ELF Loader, so the file burned in flash can only be in raw binary format, ie image file image.
a) Compiled by gcc is elf file
b) You can convert elf files to bin files through objcpy
(5) LDS file: It defines the connection process after the entire program is compiled, and determines the storage location of each section of an executable program. Specify the storage address and run address of the connection file. The storage address and the run address can be the same or different. Transfer from: https://wenku.baidu.com/view/9a8beb125f0e7cd18425369a.html
(6) map file: map file is the only text representation of the program's global symbol, source file and code line number information, is a static text of the entire program project information, usually generated by the linker. The map file holds the static text of the entire project, which has the entry addresses for all functions.
By looking at the map file, we can find the code segment (.text), the global uninitialized zone (.bss), and the data segment (.data).
The role of the map file is that we can generate the wrong address based on the program to find the corresponding function, variable address in the map file.
(7) Symbol file: The value, type, and name of the target file, for example: 00000024 T cleanup_before_linux
00000024 is its value in hexadecimal, T is type indicates that the function is in the code area, and cleanup_before_linux is its name. As you can see, the value of the symbol cleanup_before_linux shown above is actually the offset of the function in the text section. However, the specific meaning of the value of each symbol varies depending on its type (see source text for type). Of course, for each symbol's value, its type, its value, and the section they belong to are closely related.
(8) Code: represents the code to be executed. All the functions in the program are located here.
RO-data: stands for read-only data, where global constant data and strings defined in the program are located.
RW-data: represents the initialized read-write data, where the global variables and static variables defined and initialized in the program are located here.
ZI-data: stands for uninitialized read-write data. Global variables and static variables defined in the program but not initialized are located here.
First, the size of the data downloaded into the FLASH is: (Code + RO Data + RW Data) This data relates to how many MCU's FLASH is occupied, and it is related to whether or not the program can be added again. For example, your MCU FLASH is 8K, after compiling the program, the program has been found 7K, but the project still needs to write a lot of programs, then you can consider changing the FLASH point of the MCU.
Second, program running is to run in RAM size is: (RW Data + ZI Data) Two important parameters of the microcontroller, one is the size of the above FLASH, one is the size of RAM. After reading the first article, you will know the importance of this article.
Just started, look at the size of the program, will see the size of the HEX file in WINDOWS to determine the size of the occupied FLASH, it is wrong.
The size of this HEX file on the computer is 4.46KB, but it will only take up 1.57KB of the FLSAH microcontroller, as shown in the following figure:
(Hint: In the Listings folder in the project you created, there is a file with a .map suffix. When you pull it to the end, it will be a good size.)
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