In a time when the world was covered by the Internet, biochemicals, bionics, and humans coexisted, a semi-robot grasshopper, designed and built by Dr. Ollett, with human brain and soul, joined the elite army "Public Security Nine Lessons" Helping the government fight against high-tech crimes... The recent Hollywood sci-fi blockbuster "Ghost in the Shell" tells the story of the relationship between the future man and the machine, and re-ignites the story of the semi-robot looking for his own soul. We pay attention to and focus on the field of artificial intelligence and human-machine synergy.
The ultimate relationship between man and machine?Fifteen years ago, Kevin Wojke, a cybernetic expert and professor at the University of Reading in the UK, first proposed and analyzed the concept of the biologist (Cyborg) in his book "I and Biochemical Robots", while the biologist was in English. The literal meaning of the corresponding phrase happens to be a composite of organic life and non-living machine.
It is worth mentioning that in order to write academic works, the professor used surgery in 1998 to implant a silicon pulse transponder into his left arm. In 2002, he planted a square chip with a side length of 3 mm. Entering the left wrist and connecting his nervous system to the computer via a chip line, he also said in the book that all the computer-controlled rooms can recognize him when he is wearing the chip in the office building. Automatically turn on the lights, open the door, the computer will also send out the "Good Morning, Professor Warwick" greetings, notify him when he receives a new email, and automatically download new mail, his assistant can also find him at any time.
In 2008, the release of a Japanese science fiction film "My Robot Girlfriend" triggered the curiosity of robots and human-machine relationships among ordinary technology fans around the world.
DeepMind will send AlphaGo "out" in late May. The Chinese champion Wang Kejie, the champion of the game world, not only means that the man-machine battle will culminate, but also indicates that human intelligence will accept artificial intelligence more powerful challenges in certain specialized fields.
In the face of the booming artificial intelligence boom, data from scientists at the frontline of Google show that by 2030, artificial intelligence will create a large market of $7 trillion, while in 2016, Google’s revenue was only $100 billion, and the entire Internet industry But $380 billion.
With the development of opto-mechatronics, bioengineering, biochemical robots and the comprehensive advancement of system science, computer-aided logical thinking will have sufficient behavioral expressions, and thus truly separate from human complete control and develop into mutual equality or the same relationship. Have autonomous intelligent thinking.
Due to the development of artificial intelligence and the advancement of software and hardware, the logic analysis capability of computers has been greatly improved until the comprehensive logic analysis of computers is improved into logical thinking. This logical thinking can independently generate new logic according to environmental conditions and get rid of the human framework. Control, and become an autonomous intelligent thinking.
Is human beings entering the era of super intelligence?Nick Postrom, a professor at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom, stated in his book SuperIntelligence that artificial intelligence will shift towards SuperIntelligence.
Many academics and industry people have expressed concern. A voice based on British scientist Stephen Hawking and Microsoft founder Bill Gates said, "If the machine develops smart enough in a few years, it will eventually become a human heart."
However, another voice represented by Hong Xiaowen, senior vice president of Microsoft and chairman of Microsoft Asia Pacific R&D Group, believes that artificial intelligence is a tool and technology created by human beings. No one has AI because of the ideas in AI. The algorithms are all from humans, and humans can survive without AI.
The logic behind this kind of sound is that because of the fast running, humans create cars, and this invention speeds up the pace. Humans can't fly, so they make airplanes and let them bring humans to heaven. Similarly, humans have the ability to calculate, but not fast enough to be precise enough, so they invented the computer and combined the algorithm with the computer, that is, let the artificial intelligence AI and human intelligence HI unite to achieve super intelligence (SI) to bear the human being alone. The thing that is done.
Hong Xiaowen said that the most remarkable thing for mankind is called innovation and creation. In the process of creation throughout the ages, the consistent strategy adopted by mankind is bold assumptions and careful verification. Among them, the bold hypothesis of creativity comes from humans, the mission of careful verification is given to the computer, and we repeatedly modify our assumptions in the verification process, modify our ideas, and finally create new things. "If the society really must have SuperIntelligence in the future, it must be achieved through the integration of Human Intelligence (HI) + Artificial Intelligence (AI)."
Evolution is the origin of intelligence and intelligence. Human beings, as advanced mammals, possess amazing structures with complex neurons. However, compared with electronic circuits, humans are not a good hand to process information, and the speed has not reached one-hundredth of a million of electronic circuits.
But smart humans that have evolved over a long period of time have long been learned in historical experience: the fewer the enemy, the better. If the AI ​​shows its power, it's a good idea to join forces and turn it into a friend.
Human-machine synergy and a few steps?The popularity of mobile terminals, the Internet, sensor networks, car networking, and wearable devices will make sensing devices popular around the world soon. Computation is closely tied to humans, and the network, as a link between individuals and groups, will quickly gather and feed back their discoveries, needs, ideas, knowledge, and capabilities.
Pan Yunhe, the former deputy director of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said that it is important to use computers to simulate human intelligence. It is even more important to let computers and people collaborate and learn from each other to become a kind of "1+1" 2" enhanced intelligent system. At present, various wearable devices, intelligent driving, exoskeleton equipment, and human-machine collaborative surgery have emerged, and the human-machine synergy of the macro system has more space, indicating that the human-machine synergistic enhancement intelligent system has broad prospects.
Smart devices are embedded in the body, reading physiological data in real time, and the machine knows more about people than people... This judgment comes from the recent hot-selling best-selling book, A Brief History of Humanity, by Yuval Hulari, with artificial intelligence and biology. The rapid development of technology, the integration of man and machine will be fully realized in this century, and the future life of mankind will undergo tremendous changes.
In fact, from the day of its birth, artificial intelligence has tried to improve and extend human capabilities in all aspects. The process of human-computer integration has begun and is still accelerating. As a deep-cultivator in the field of artificial intelligence, the founder and CEO of the fourth paradigm, Dai Wenyuan believes that human-machine synergy can be divided into three stages of development: the perceptual fusion phase, the behavioral fusion phase, and the thought fusion phase.
Phase 1: Perceptual Fusion
In fact, we have already passed a relatively mature stage of perceptual fusion. At this stage, sensors emerge as core components in a variety of fields and technologies, such as smart homes, visual recognition technologies, and speech recognition technologies that we are familiar with. With the help of artificial intelligence, human perception has been magnified and expanded hundreds of times, and it has been given the ability to "see the six ways" and "listen to the eight sides." At the same time, artificial intelligence completes the technical accumulation at this stage, laying the technical premise for the next step of development.
Second stage: behavioral integration
At present, the most popular technology in the field of artificial intelligence is the technology that can be put down in the industrial world. And this is the stage of behavioral integration, the essence of human-computer integration-based on the study and imitation of human "teachers", the machine tirelessly trains and renews, and finally achieves the supplement of human beings in certain behavioral or working abilities. Beyond. For example, in the financial field, artificial intelligence can effectively alleviate the shortage of manpower and energy in multiple scenarios such as precision marketing, risk prevention and control, and smart investment. Taking smart investment as an example, in the past, because of the high labor costs, financial institutions can only provide personalized financial services for a small number of VIP investors. Now, by learning the account manager's investment criteria and experience, and then processing through its own ultra-high-dimensional model, the machine can provide customers with more thoughtful and meticulous financial advice and win the trust of customers. Many industry experts believe that in the process of behavioral integration, the research and development gap between China and the United States and other developed countries is shrinking. It can be said that this stage is the best time for China to achieve cornering overtaking.
The third stage: thought fusion
The elaboration of the stage of ideological fusion is quite similar to that of the Brief History of Humanity. The exploration of this stage, whether domestic or international, is still in its infancy, and there are not many mature theories and practices. Perhaps in the future, with the development of technologies such as machine learning, biosensors, and brain-computer interaction, this integration process will accelerate. The artificial intelligence program can fully study you from every short message to every second heartbeat after your birth, and you will get your artificial intelligence, and finally integrate with you to make a more favorable choice for you. From small shopping to brand choice, to a tangled lifelong event like marriage.
Meet the correct posture of the three elements of the worldAs humans in the human-machine game are defeated again and again in the face of calm and rational artificial intelligence, scientists have prophesied that before the end of the 21st century, mankind will no longer be the most intelligent species on earth.
Science fiction writers and sci-fi fans also bravely think: When humans no longer focus on the evolution of their own limbs, they connect their brains and limbs with computers and machines. When knowledge and external information are input into the human brain through neuron signals at any time, And stored for call, with the power of artificial intelligence "blessing", humans can have a genius computer without brain learning.
In theory, human thoughts can be immediately interpreted and converted into cross-media symbols in the form of signal input, in the form of video or images; connecting different human signals without language or gesture communication. You can have the ability to "read the mind" and achieve "transparency in thought."
In many primary and secondary schools in first-tier cities, the subject of artificial intelligence has become a proposition for children. In their essays, they have contact lenses that can access the Internet, human organ stores, artifacts that make the extinct dinosaurs resurrected, and together with cool robots, build starships, space ladders, and travel to the sky together...
The managers of the city propose the development path according to the speed and direction of the advancement of technology: intelligent demand traction, making AI in the development of cities, medical care, transportation, logistics, robotics, driverless, mobile phones, games, manufacturing, society, economy, etc. As a new technology and new target, many companies and cities have already carried out AI layout.
From the past, the pursuit of "simulating humans with computers" has been transformed into an enhanced hybrid intelligence that combines machines and people; a new group intelligence system is formed by the combination of machines, people and networks; it is also composed of people, machines, networks and objects. Smarter cities and more complex intelligent systems.
Pan Yunhe believes that the world has evolved from a binary spatial structure formed by humans and objects to a ternary spatial structure composed of human, material and information grids. The interaction between people, things, and networks will lead to a variety of new calculations, including perceptual fusion, “people in the loop†(the operator still has the opportunity to make a second or even uninterrupted instruction after the first instruction input. Corrections), augmented reality, and cross-media computing.
When the fire of AI2.0 is ignited, how can we add fire to the new era? The scientists interviewed finally formed a more consistent answer: the first boost is data of sufficient scale and quality.
Although the computing speed of computers has been exponentially increasing over the past half century, more and more things can be done, which can give people a feeling that they are fast but not smart enough. For example, they can’t answer people’s questions, they won’t play chess, Knowing people, not driving, not good at making judgments... Qin Zengchang, an associate professor at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, believes that when the amount of data is large enough, many intelligent problems can be turned into data processing problems. Because from the method point of view, the computer gains intelligence is different from the human intelligence that is good at logical analysis and reasoning. Artificial intelligence makes more use of big data to learn information and knowledge from the data.
Yu Kai, co-founder and chief scientist of Suzhou Spirit, proposed that the opportunities for the development of artificial intelligence, one is the increase in data volume; the second is the emergence of cloud computing, enabling large-scale computing capabilities to be realized.
Since we had big data 10 years ago, the computer has progressed very rapidly. "Today, computers can get such high intelligence, which depends largely on the data." Yu Kai said.
The far-reaching power is the breakthrough in cognitive and brain science research. The book "New Trends in Science and Technology and Strategic Choices for 2020" points out that fundamental breakthroughs in information technology may depend on the progress of brain science. Once brain science has made great breakthroughs, it will definitely lead to revolutionary changes in information technology.
Brain science and neuroscience are one of the fastest-growing disciplines in China in the past 20 years, and they are also the key areas for strategic layout in the United States and Europe. The Jiang Tianzi team of the Brain Network Group Research Center of the Institute of Automation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has successfully mapped out a new human brain map, which includes 246 sub-regions of fine brain regions and multimodal connectivity patterns in the subregions of the brain regions. According to Jiang Tianzai, director of the research center and the director of the brain, the brain network group map is an inevitable trend in the development of human brain maps and advances in neurotechnology. It is the support for the development of related disciplines such as brain science, cognitive science, and cognitive psychology, and it is bound to be artificial intelligence. The foundation for breakthroughs is laid.
The collaboration between neuroscience and informatics will penetrate deeply into the field of artificial intelligence. Neural networks—computer-like models built by human neurons will make machines accelerate with many skills. It is almost foreseeable that in the next 5 to 10 years, and even longer, big data, brain-computer interface and neuro-engineering will become the focus of breakthroughs in the field of artificial intelligence and related fields.
Perhaps in the near future, the biochemical people who cooperate with man and machine can really fly freely like Iron Man. Just like the mechs, they can manipulate the "weapons", rewrite the life track, shuttle time and space, and even exist from the material attributes.
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