“Hydrogen energy is the link between multi-energy transmission and integration interaction, and is one of the cores of clean low-carbon energy systems in the future. Hydrogen fuel cell technology is becoming an important direction of the global energy technology revolution and an important part of the future energy strategy of countries.†Zhang Jinhua, executive vice president and secretary general of the China Automotive Engineering Society, said at the China Electric Vehicles Centennial Fuel Cell Sub-forum.
The "13th Five-Year National Emerging Strategic Industry Development Plan" clearly emphasizes that it is necessary to systematically promote the research and development and industrialization of fuel cell vehicles, which shows the country's support and affirmation for the development of fuel cell vehicles. At the forum, a number of industry experts in the field of fuel cells discussed the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles from the aspects of cost, technology and industrial prospects.
Hydrogen industry lays the foundation
The first question that hydrogen fuel cells need to answer is that the key to promoting the development of new energy vehicles is plug-in and pure electric. Is it necessary to do hydrogen fuel cells? Zhang Jinhua believes that hydrogen fuel cells will have important applications in heavy-duty, long-distance, and large-scale vehicles due to their continued mileage, hydrogenation speed, and cost advantages. "After 2020, especially after the adjustment of fiscal and taxation policies, this trend will become more apparent."
On the other hand, the expansion of the hydrogen energy industry has also laid the foundation for the development of hydrogen fuel cells. According to Qian Yong, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the current network of hydrogen refueling stations in the province combined with the high-speed service area has begun to be laid, and began to build China's hydrogen valley, and set up a 5 million yuan China Hydro Valley Innovation Development Fund to create hydrogen energy operations. Demonstration area planning, the top floor design has now begun. “This is not a business as the mainstay, but a holistic plan so that hydrogen energy and fuel cell companies can develop healthily.â€
According to Qian Yong, the expressway in Shandong is completely occupied by two state-owned enterprises. 120 expressway stations can establish hydrogen refueling stations, so hydrogen recovery, hydrogen storage and hydrogen transport can be carried out systematically. This creates conditions for a developed logistics-specific hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.
Hydrogen is a non-polluting, zero-emission green energy source, but what is the key to hydrogen production is the key to energy structure. Du Xiangyu, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, once said that to use hydrogen on a large scale, it is first necessary to solve the problem of hydrogen production on a large scale. If hydrogen is produced by means of high carbon emissions, it is obviously contrary to the initial intention of using hydrogen. To develop hydrogen energy, you must first have enough renewable energy.
According to Gu Dazhao, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Shenhua Energy's existing coal gasification facilities, if used exclusively for hydrogen production, can produce 4 million tons of hydrogen per year and can supply hydrogen to 40 million fuel cell passenger cars. In order to solve the problem that coal hydrogen production will generate a large amount of carbon dioxide, Shenhua has successfully carried out 300,000 tons of carbon dioxide CCS (capture and storage of carbon dioxide) in Ordos, and there is no technical problem.
Tsinghua University professor Li Jianqiu predicts that by 2020, the domestic fuel cell vehicles will be about 10,000-class scale. The next step is to carry out the work of Tsinghua University, mainly in the infrastructure, the hydrogen-electric interaction and the hydro-electric interaction at the vehicle end. Hydrogen energy is more prosperous in cities to promote fuel cell vehicles. In addition, Li Jianqiu hopes that all localities should be adapted to local conditions and promoted in places with abundant hydrogen and places with better hydrogen infrastructure.
Technological disputes and lack of talent"The working principle of hydrogen fuel cells is that hydrogen and oxygen are turned into water, but the conversion process needs to have the right pressure." Professor Pan Mu of Wuhan University of Technology said that under what pressure the fuel cell is operating, there are currently two technical routes. One is a high pressure, which requires two atmospheres to three atmospheres; the other is a low pressure, almost close to the normal pressure of the technical route.
"The high-pressure system chemical reaction is that the higher the peak pressure, the faster the chemical reaction speed and the higher the power. Toyota's Mirai adopts this technology. The low-pressure system reacts slowly and is larger, but it also brings the advantages of simple structure. "Pan Mu said.
There are also technical disputes between the two routes. In the development of fuel cell vehicles between 2000 and 2010, China abandoned the high-voltage route due to the lack of high-pressure fan technology. “High-pressure systems require high-pressure compressors, which are small enough to fit inside the car. This is a very difficult technology.†Pan Mu said that in recent years, national demonstration vehicles have been using low-voltage technology routes, “in the long run It is necessary to install the fuel cell in a small car or a passenger car. It is impossible to use a low-voltage route, and a high-pressure route must be developed."
Beyond the technical route, another bottleneck in the hydrogen fuel cell industry is talent. As early as two years ago, Li Jianqiu suggested to the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission that he hoped that through the support of the Science and Technology Commission, he would support the establishment of a catalyst material project in colleges and universities, “let the teacher bring the students outâ€.
"At present, there are projects that specifically support colleges and universities to do mechanism analysis and stack design. Although the project is not large, it is impossible to industrialize, but the main goal is to let these colleges and universities train talents for the industry." Li Jianqiu said that The people trained in the automobile department are mainly people in the engine, gearbox, transmission and chassis, but now the students who are engaged in dynamics also need to increase the expertise in the field of electrochemistry, including the catalyst carrier, membrane and membrane electrode. Wait.
Support policy researchHow to promote the development of hydrogen fuel cells under the coexistence of advantages and bottlenecks? In 2017, the Ministry of Science and Technology entrusted the China Automotive Engineering Society to organize domestic related enterprise research institutions to carry out research work on hydrogen fuel cell support policies.
“Technology is the key.†Zhang Jinhua said when he introduced the policy recommendations, he wanted to innovate the R&D organizational model and break through the key core technologies. Continuous innovation and breakthrough in technology is the core driving force for hydrogen fuel cell technology to enter the market, and is the primary task of cultivating and developing fuel cell vehicles.
Industrial chain cultivation is still an important task. "The industry chain is seriously lacking. Apart from key components and accessories, the accessories are seriously missing. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp key areas, fill short-term links, and cultivate and expand the industrial chain." Zhang Jinhua said.
In addition, it is necessary to vigorously promote the demonstration application, and to promote the demonstration application in an orderly manner. "We also do not advocate that everyone should be able to carry out systematic demonstrations and verify the technical business model in areas with resource advantages and application needs." Zhang Jinhua said that the establishment of a hydrogen energy supply system also requires scientific layout, local conditions, and according to resource characteristics. Advantages, the development of hydrogen energy supply mode.
"China will play a vital role in the application of hydrogen fuel cells in the transportation sector. If China does, it will promote global development. If China's hydrogen fuel cells cannot form mainstream technology in the transportation sector, the world There may be a delay in the pace." Zhang Jinhua said that it is necessary to vigorously promote internationalization and integrate and dock international resources. China needs to cooperate and support international resources to promote the application of fuel cells.
Zhang Jinhua introduced that the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers initiated the establishment of the International Hydrogen Fuel Cell Association in 2017. The association is located in a non-governmental international organization covering the entire industrial chain of hydrogen fuel cells and promoting the commercialization of fuel cells. It is initiated in China, but not limited to China. . It is hoped that experts and institutions interested in fuel cell technology and industrialization will unite to promote the development of technology and industrialization.
Standard regulations are also a very important constraint for the hydrogen fuel cell industry. At present, the regulatory standards for vehicles and key components are not perfect, especially from hydrogen production and hydrogen storage to hydrogen refueling stations. The procedure is not clear. There is a serious shortage of hydrogen refueling stations. At present, hydrogen refueling stations are all done everywhere, and breakthroughs in standard regulations are essential.
Finally, we must strengthen public education. “Strengthening publicity is of paramount importance. Some officials still believe that hydrogen and unsafe painting are equal, and it is very important to carry out scientific popularization,†Zhang Jinhua said.
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