1. Volumetric Flowmeters Volumetric flowmeters are equivalent to a standard volume vessel that continuously measures the flow medium. The larger the traffic, the more times the metric is, and the higher the frequency of the output. The principle of the volumetric flowmeter is relatively simple and suitable for measuring fluids with high viscosity and low Reynolds number. According to the shape of the rotary body, the products currently produced are: an oval gear flow meter suitable for measuring liquid flow, a lumbar flowmeter (Roots flowmeter), a rotary piston and a scraper flowmeter; a servo type suitable for measuring gas flow Volumetric flowmeters, membranes and flowmeters, etc.
2. The working principle of the impeller type flowmeter impeller type flowmeter is that the impeller is placed in the fluid to be measured, and is rotated by the impact of the fluid flow, and the flow rate is reflected by the speed of the impeller rotation. Typical impeller flow meters are water meters and turbine flow meters, which may be mechanically driven output or electrically pulsed. The water meter output of the general mechanical transmission has low accuracy and the error is about ±2%, but the structure is simple and the cost is low. It has been mass-produced in China, and is standardized, generalized and serialized. The accuracy of the turbine flowmeter for electrical pulse signal output is high, with a typical error of ±0.2% to 0.5%.
3. Differential pressure flowmeter (variable pressure drop flowmeter) Differential pressure flowmeter consists of primary and secondary devices. The primary device is called a flow measuring component and is installed in the pipe of the fluid to be measured to generate a pressure difference proportional to the flow rate (flow rate) for the secondary device to display the flow rate. The secondary device is called a display instrument. It receives the differential pressure signal generated by the measuring component and converts it to the corresponding flow for display. The primary device of the differential pressure flow meter is often a throttling device or a dynamic pressure measuring device (piteron, constant velocity tube, etc.). 2. The secondary device is equipped with various mechanical, electronic and combined differential pressure gauges with flow display instruments. The differential pressure sensitive components of the differential pressure gauge are mostly elastic components. Since the differential pressure and the flow rate are in a square root relationship, the flow display instrument is equipped with a square root device to linearize the flow scale. Most meters also have a flow accumulator to display cumulative flow for economic accounting. This method of measuring flow using differential pressure has a long history and is relatively mature. Generally, countries all over the world use it in more important occasions, accounting for about 70% of various flow measurement methods. The flow measurement of the main steam, feed water, condensate, etc. of the power plant is based on this meter.
4. Variable area flowmeter (equal pressure drop flowmeter) The float placed in the upper and lower tapered flow passages is moved by the force of the fluid flowing from the bottom to the top. When this force is balanced with the "display weight" of the float (the weight of the float itself minus the buoyancy of the fluid it receives), the capture is stationary. The height at which the float is stationary can be used as a measure of the flow rate. Since the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the flow meter varies with the height of the float, and the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts is equal when the float is stationary, the flow meter is called a variable area flow meter or an equal pressure drop type flow meter. A typical instrument for this type of flow meter is a rotor (float) flow meter.
5. The momentum flowmeter uses a flowmeter that measures the momentum of the fluid to reflect the flow rate. Since the momentum P of the flowing fluid is proportional to the density of the fluid and the square of the flow velocity v, ie p v2 , when the flow cross section is determined, v is proportional to the volume flow Q, so p Q2 . Set the proportional coefficient to A, then Q=A. Therefore, P is measured to reflect the flow rate Q. In this type of flowmeter, most of the flowmeters are used to convert momentum into pressure, displacement or force, and then the flow rate is measured. Typical meters for such flow meters are target and rotary wing flow meters.
6. Impulse flowmeters are used to measure the flow rate of granular solid media, and are used to measure the flow rate of mud, crystalline liquid and abrasives. Flow measurement ranges from a few kilograms per hour to nearly 10,000 tons. The typical instrument is a horizontal component force impulse flowmeter. The measurement principle is that when the measured medium falls freely from a certain height h to a detection plate with a tilt angle, an impulse is generated, and the horizontal force component of the impulse is proportional to the mass flow rate. Measuring this horizontal component can reflect the mass flow. According to the detection method of signal (9), the flowmeter is divided into displacement detection type and direct force measurement type.
7. The electromagnetic flowmeter electromagnetic flowmeter is made by applying the electric conductor to generate an induced electromotive force in a magnetic field, and the induced electromotive force is proportional to the flow rate, and the principle of measuring the flow rate of the pipeline is measured by measuring the electromotive force. Its measurement accuracy and sensitivity are high. The industry is often used to measure the flow of water, pulp and other media. The maximum diameter can be measured up to 2m, and the pressure loss is extremely small. However, media with low conductivity, such as gas and steam, cannot be used. The electromagnetic flowmeter has a high cost, and the signal is susceptible to external magnetic field interference, which affects the wide application in industrial tube flow measurement. To this end, the product is constantly improving and updating, to the development of microcomputer.
8. Ultrasonic Flowmeter Ultrasonic flowmeters are designed based on the geometrical principle that the velocity of ultrasonic waves propagating in a flowing medium is equal to the average flow velocity of the measured medium and the velocity of the acoustic wave itself. It is also measured by the flow rate to reflect the flow rate. Although the ultrasonic flowmeter appeared only in the 1970s, it can be made into a non-contact type, and can be used for the measurement of the opening flow in conjunction with the ultrasonic water level gauge. It does not cause disturbance and resistance to the fluid, so it is very popular and is very There are promising flow meters. Ultrasonic Doppler flowmeters fabricated using the Doppler effect have received widespread attention in recent years and are considered to be ideal instruments for non-contact measurement of two-phase flow.
9. Fluid oscillating flowmeter The fluid oscillating flowmeter is designed based on the principle that the fluid will oscillate when flowing under specific flow conditions, and the frequency of the oscillation is proportional to the flow velocity. When the flow cross section is constant, the flow rate is proportional to the flow volume of the pilot volume. Therefore, the flow rate can be measured by measuring the oscillation frequency. This flowmeter was developed and developed in the 1970s. Because it combines the advantages of non-rotating components and pulsed digital output, it has a promising future. At present, typical products include vortex flowmeters and spiral vortex flowmeters.
10. Mass flowmeters Because the volume of the fluid is affected by parameters such as temperature and pressure, it is necessary to give the parameters of the medium when the volume flow is used to indicate the flow rate. In the case of changing media parameters, it is often difficult to achieve this requirement, resulting in distortion of the meter display value. Therefore, mass flow meters have been widely used and valued. Mass flow meters are available in both direct and indirect versions. Direct mass flow meters are measured using principles directly related to mass flow. Currently used mass flow meters such as calorimetric, angular momentum, vibratory gyro, Magnus effect and Coriolis force. The indirect mass flow meter is obtained by directly multiplying the density meter by the volumetric flow rate to obtain the mass flow rate.
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Power Adapter
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19v 4.74a, 5525
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