Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is the abbreviation of Radio Frequency IdentjficaTIon. It is a non-contact identification technology and is a more specific technical name for radio technology in the field of automatic identification. Electronic tags are the popular name for radio frequency identification (RFlD).
It automatically recognizes the target object through RF signals and acquires relevant data. The identification work can work in various harsh environments without manual intervention. The electronic tag has the advantages of waterproof, anti-magnetic, high temperature resistance, long life, small size, long reading distance, data can be encrypted and stored in batch, and can recognize objects moving at high speed. In recent years, RFID technology has been widely used in warehouse management. The main application mode is warehousing management and logistics tracking management.
2 The basic structure and working principle of RFID technology2.1 The basic structure of the radio frequency identification system
The RFID system is composed of two parts, namely, electronic tags (transponders, Tags) and readers (readers, Readers). Electronic data information in an agreed format is usually stored in the electronic label. In practical applications, the electronic label is attached to the object to be identified (surface or internal). When the object to be identified with the electronic tag passes through its readable range, the reader automatically reads the appointment identification information in the electronic tag in a contactless manner, thereby realizing automatic identification of the item or automatically collecting the item identification information. The function and further management functions such as collection, processing and remote transmission of object identification information can be realized by computer, PLC and its network.
2.2 Working principle of radio frequency identification technology
The electronic tag and the reader ask for the spatial (contactless) coupling of the radio frequency signal through the coupling element, and in the coupling channel, energy transfer and data exchange are realized according to the timing relationship.
1. The principle is as follows: the information to be sent by the reader is encoded and loaded on the carrier signal of a certain frequency and sent out through the antenna. After the electronic tag of the Ding area of ​​the reader receives the RF signal, the relevant circuit in the internal chip This signal is modulated, decoded, decrypted, and then judged by naming requests, passwords, permissions, and the like. If the information command is read, the control logic circuit reads the relevant information from the memory, encrypts, encodes, modulates and transmits it to the reader through the card antenna, and the reader decomposes, decodes, and decrypts the received signal. After being sent to the central information system for data processing: if the command to modify the information, the internal charge pump operating voltage caused by the control logic is increased, and the energy of the content in the EEPRROM is rewritten: if the corresponding password is judged If the permissions do not match, an error message is returned.
3 Types and characteristics of electronic tags3.1 Types of electronic labels
The "active electronic tag (AcTIveTags)" containing the battery in the tag, and the "passive electronic tag" in the tag without the battery: the "active electronic tag" has a high working frequency band, the recognition distance is far, and the reading The communication rate between the writers is also high. The "passive electronic tag" is the opposite.
3.2 Characteristics of electronic tags
(1) Small size and diverse shape
RFID is not limited in size and shape during reading, and it does not need to match the same size and print quality of the paper for reading accuracy. In addition, the RFID tag can be developed into a miniaturization and various forms, such as a card shape, a label shape, a ring shape, a button shape, a pen shape, etc., and a printed antenna is sealed inside to be applied to different products.
(2) Anti-pollution ability and durability
The carrier of the traditional bar code is paper, which is easily contaminated, but RFID is highly resistant to substances such as water, oil and chemicals. In addition, the bar code is attached to a plastic bag or an outer carton, so it is particularly vulnerable to damage: the RFID tag is to store data in the chip to protect it from fouling.
(3) Reusable
Nowadays, barcode printing cannot be changed after it is printed. RFID tags can repeatedly add, modify, and delete data stored in RFID tags to facilitate information update.
(4) penetrating and barrier-free reading
In the case of being covered, RFID can penetrate non-metallic or non-transparent materials such as paper, materials and plastics, and can communicate transparently. The barcode scanner must be able to read the barcode at close range without object blocking.
(5) The data has a large memory capacity
The capacity of the bar code is 50 Bytes, the two-dimensional bar code can store 2 to 3000 characters, and the maximum capacity of RFID is MegaByte s. With the development of memory carriers, the numerical control capacity has also been expanding. The amount of information that will be carried in future items will increase, and the demand for capacity expansion of the volume label will increase accordingly.
(6) Security
Since the electronic label conforms to the ISO 1 5693 standard, it has an internationally uniform and non-repetitive 64-bit unique identification inner code. This internal code is not reproducible and modified by the manufacturer before it leaves the factory, so it can uniquely identify the attributes of the object: data transmission can use key authentication and multiple encryption methods to ensure system security.
(7) Quick scan
The barcode can only be scanned at one bar at a time: RFID recognizes reading several RFID tags. 4 application of electronic label in measurement and storage management
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