The circuit gives us the feeling that it is always boring and unpredictable. However, it is this discipline that is constantly transforming our lives. We are no longer sighing at his wonders, and sometimes we feel his pleasure without knowing it. This is the application of simple logic circuits in life. In our lives, many simple applications such as burglar alarms and electric water heaters allow us to experience the close connection and fun of science and life.
Nowadays, modern information technology featuring digital signals is developing rapidly. Electronic products related to digital signals such as electronic computers, digital cameras, and digital TVs for mobile phones have penetrated into all aspects of human life and production. Digitized household appliances at home make people's lives more convenient and life more colorful. In some dangerous and heavy links in the factory, electronic computer-controlled robots have replaced people in production. So, what kind of circuit is so "magic"? - logic circuit. The circuit that processes the digital signal is called a digital circuit, and the digital circuit mainly studies the logic function of the circuit.
Below we briefly introduce the application of several simple and interesting circuits in life.
1. Simple burglar alarmAnti-theft alarms are installed in factories, banks and other units to prevent instant alarms when property is stolen. The figure is a circuit diagram of a simple burglar alarm composed of a logic circuit and a button switch, a photoresistor, a buzzer and the like. The function of the alarm is: when the button switch S placed on the floor in front of the safe is closed by the foot, the point A is high voltage, indicated by "1", and the photoresistor R0 installed in the safe is illuminated by the flashlight. The resistance of the photoresistor is reduced, and the partial pressure at both ends is reduced. Then the point B is high voltage and also shows "1". When both A and B are high voltage, the output terminal Y of the AND gate is high. The voltage, the buzzer will beep. If only the light does not make the alarm sound, when the box is opened with a key, it will not alarm even if there is light. Only when forced to open, the alarm will occur when both alarms meet both conditions.
Many homes have installed electric water heaters, which bring convenience to people's lives. As shown in the figure is a thermostat integrated circuit for an electric water heater system. R1 is the temperature-regulating resistor and R2 is the thermistor. The two inputs of the AND circuit are connected to a water level sensor and a water temperature sensor. When the water tank is full of water, point B is high voltage (that is, the input is logic 1), and R2 is the thermistor. The lower the temperature, the larger the resistance value of the thermistor, the larger the partial pressure at both ends, when the voltage reaches a certain level. When the point A is high voltage (that is, the input is logic 1), when both A and B are high voltage, the output of the AND gate is high voltage, and the heating switch of the electric water heater is turned on, in the water tank. The water is heated. When the temperature is higher than a certain temperature, the resistance of R2 becomes smaller, the voltage across R2 becomes smaller, and the heater stops heating, so the water heater is kept warm. The heater will not heat up when the tank is not full or when the temperature is high.
Cars bring convenience and comfort to people's travel, but their safety is also important. As shown in the figure, a simple door alarm circuit diagram is shown. The two push button switches S1 and S2 in the figure are respectively mounted on the two doors of the automobile. When the driver leaves the car, both doors are closed, and the switches S1 and S2 corresponding to the two doors are closed, that is, the input logic is 0, then the output is also logic 0, the current does not pass through the LED, and the LED will not Illumination alarm; as long as any one of the doors is open, S1 or S2 is in the off state, that is, the input is logic 1, then the output is also logic 1, then there is current passing through the LED, causing it to illuminate. If there are four doors, the principle is the same. It can be judged whether the doors are closed by the light-emitting alarm.
Fire alarms are installed in factories, schools, hospitals, etc., so that in the event of a fire, instant alarms, organization of fire fighting, and minimizing people's lives and property losses. As shown in the figure is a logic circuit diagram of a fire alarm device. Rt is a thermistor and R is a voltage divider resistor with a small resistance. When a fire occurs, the temperature rises, the resistance of the thermistor becomes smaller, the voltage between P and X decreases, and the X terminal inputs a low voltage. The high voltage is output through the non-gate circuit, and the bell is turned on to realize the alarm. If the resistance value of the variable resistor R is increased, the temperature of the alarm is lowered, and the sensitivity of the alarm is increased.
With the accelerated development of urbanization, urban construction has also become more modern, human culture, and technological. The street lamps on both sides of urban roads have become a unique landscape of the city. Its automatic control not only saves manpower but also saves energy. As shown in the figure, the logic circuit diagram of the automatic control street lamp, in which R0 is a photoresistor, the stronger the light, the smaller the resistance value of the photoresistor R0, the smaller the voltage divided by R1 and R0, the lower the input point A. After the potential is passed, the output terminal Y is high, so the street light is automatically turned off. The weaker the light, the smaller the resistance of the photoresistor R0. The voltage divided by R1 and R0 is larger. The input point of A is high. After passing the NOT gate, the output Y is low, so the street light is automatically turned on.
If the street light is to be bright when the sky is very dark, the resistance of the variable resistor R1 can be adjusted. For example, when the street light starts to light at dusk, the resistance of the photoresistor is larger than that of the dark, and the partial pressure on the photoresistor is also large. That is, the partial pressure on R0 becomes dark after dark, and the voltage should be maintained when it is dark. To reduce the resistance of the variable resistor R1, the voltage division on R0 after dark is still equal to the voltage when the street light is turned on at dusk.
Fire emergency lights are provided in public places such as shopping malls and libraries to provide escape lighting appliances in the event of a fire. As shown in the figure, the schematic diagram of the fire emergency light. When the situation is normal, R2 is in the high voltage state at both ends, then input the high level at point A (that is, the input is logic 1), after the non-gate, the Y output is low. Flat (ie, the output logic is 0), so the relay J is in the off state, the emergency light is off; when the power is cut off, the point A is low (ie, the input is logic 0), after passing the NOT gate, the Y output is High level (ie input is logic 1), the relay is on and the emergency light is on.
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