Second, guidelines, development goals and overall deployment
1. Guidelines
The first 20 years of this century is an important period of strategic opportunities for China's economic and social development, and also an important strategic opportunity for the development of science and technology. Guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thinking of the "Three Represents", we must implement the scientific development concept, comprehensively implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and the strategy of strengthening the country through talents, based on national conditions, people-oriented, deepen reform, expand openness, and promote the vigorous development of China's science and technology. To provide a strong scientific and technological support for the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a harmonious socialist society.
In the next 15 years, the guiding principles for scientific and technological work are: independent innovation, focusing on leapfrogging, supporting development, and leading the future. Independent innovation is to strengthen the original innovation ability, strengthen original innovation, integrated innovation and introduce digestion, absorption and innovation. The key leap is to persist in doing something and doing something wrong, choose key areas with certain foundations and advantages, and related to the national economy and people's livelihood and national security, focus on strength, key breakthroughs, and achieve leap-forward development. Supporting development means starting from the urgent needs of reality, focusing on breaking through major and common technologies and supporting the sustained and coordinated development of the economy and society. Leading the future is to focus on the long-term, deploy cutting-edge technologies and basic research ahead of time, create new market demands, foster emerging industries, and lead the future economic and social development. This policy is a summary of China's practical experience in science and technology development for more than half a century. It is an important choice for the future and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
It is necessary to put the ability to improve independent innovation in the prominent position of all scientific and technological work. The party and the government have always attached importance to and advocated independent innovation. To promote socialist modernization under the conditions of opening up to the outside world, we must conscientiously study and fully learn from all the outstanding achievements of mankind. Over the past 20 years of reform and opening up, China has introduced a large number of technologies and equipment, which has played an important role in improving industrial technology and promoting economic development. However, we must be soberly aware that only introducing and not paying attention to the digestion and absorption of technology and re-innovation will inevitably weaken the ability of independent research and development and widen the gap with the world's advanced level. The facts tell us that in the key areas that are related to the lifeline of the national economy and national security, the real core technology cannot be bought. In order to grasp the initiative in the fierce international competition, China must improve its independent innovation capability, master a batch of core technologies in a number of important fields, own a batch of independent intellectual property rights, and create a group of enterprises with international competitiveness. In short, we must take the improvement of independent innovation capability as a national strategy, implement it in all aspects of modernization, implement it in various industries, industries and regions, and greatly enhance national competitiveness.
Scientific and technological talents are the key to improving the ability of independent innovation. We must create a good environment and conditions, cultivate and condense all kinds of scientific and technological talents, especially outstanding top talents, fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of the majority of scientific and technological personnel, as the primary task of science and technology work, and strive to create talented people, make the best use of talents, and make the best use of it. In a good situation, we will work hard to build a large-scale and well-structured team of high-quality scientific and technological personnel that is compatible with economic and social development and national defense construction, and provide sufficient talent support and intellectual guarantee for the development of science and technology in China.
2. Development goals
By 2020, the overall goal of China's science and technology development is: the ability of independent innovation has been significantly enhanced, the ability of science and technology to promote economic and social development and safeguard national security has been significantly enhanced, providing strong support for building a well-off society in an all-round way; basic science and cutting-edge technology research The comprehensive strength has been significantly enhanced, and a number of scientific and technological achievements that have significant influence in the world have been obtained, and they have entered the ranks of innovative countries, laying the foundation for becoming a world science and technology power in the middle of this century.
After 15 years of hard work, we have achieved the following goals in several important aspects of science and technology in China: First, we have mastered a number of core technologies for equipment manufacturing and information industry that are related to national competitiveness, and the technological level of manufacturing and information industry has entered the world's advanced ranks. Second, the overall strength of agricultural science and technology has entered the forefront of the world, promoting the improvement of comprehensive agricultural production capacity and effectively ensuring national food security. Third, breakthroughs were made in energy development, energy-saving technologies and clean energy technologies to promote energy structure optimization. The energy consumption indicators of major industrial products reached or approached the world's advanced level. The fourth is to establish a technological development model of circular economy in key industries and key cities, and provide scientific and technological support for building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. Fifth, the level of prevention and treatment of major diseases has been significantly improved, major diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis have been curbed, breakthroughs have been made in the creation of new drugs and the development of key medical devices, and the technical capabilities for industrial development have been achieved. Sixth, national defense technology basically meets the needs of independent research and development and informationization of modern weapons and equipment, and provides guarantees for safeguarding national security. Seventh, a group of scientists and research teams with world-class achievements have emerged, and a number of innovative achievements with great influence have been achieved in the mainstream direction of scientific development. Frontier technologies in the fields of information, biology, materials and aerospace have reached the world advanced level. Eighth is to build a number of world-class research institutes and universities and internationally competitive enterprise research and development institutions, and form a relatively complete national innovation system with Chinese characteristics.
By 2020, the proportion of research and development investment in the whole society will increase to more than 2.5% of GDP, and the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress will reach more than 60%, the dependence on foreign technology will be reduced to less than 30%, and the annual authorization amount of invention patents by nationals will be The number of international scientific papers cited has entered the top 5 in the world.
3. Overall deployment
In the next 15 years, the overall deployment of China's science and technology development: First, based on China's national conditions and needs, identify a number of key areas, break through a number of major key technologies, and comprehensively enhance the ability to support science and technology. This outline identifies 11 key areas for national economic and social development, and selects 68 priority themes with clear mandates and the possibility of obtaining technological breakthroughs in the near future. The second is to aim at national targets, implement a number of major projects, achieve leap-forward development, and fill gaps. A total of 16 major special projects are arranged in this outline. The third is to meet the challenges of the future, deploy cutting-edge technologies and basic research ahead of time, improve the ability of continuous innovation, and lead economic and social development. This outline focuses on 27 front-end technologies and 18 basic scientific issues in 8 technical fields, and proposes to implement 4 major scientific research plans. The fourth is to deepen institutional reform, improve policy measures, increase investment in science and technology, strengthen the building of a talent team, promote the construction of a national innovation system, and provide reliable guarantees for China to enter an innovative country.
According to the urgent needs of building a well-off society in an all-round way, the development trend of the world's science and technology and China's national strength, we must grasp the strategic focus of science and technology development. First, we will give priority to the development of energy, water resources and environmental protection technologies, and resolve to resolve major bottlenecks that constrain economic and social development. Second, it is a rare opportunity to seize the rapid development of information technology and new materials technology in the next few years, and to obtain the independent intellectual property rights of the equipment manufacturing industry and the core technology of the information industry as a breakthrough to improve China's industrial competitiveness. The third is to focus on biotechnology as a key to catching up with the future high-tech industry and to strengthen the application of biotechnology in agriculture, industry, population and health. The fourth is to accelerate the development of aerospace and marine technology. The fifth is to strengthen basic science and cutting-edge technology research, especially cross-disciplinary research.
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