Recently, the Shenzhen BGI Institute of Genetics has used "non-invasive prenatal genetic testing" technology to collect partial genome samples of more than 140,000 pregnant women in China. The sequencing objects involved in this study accounted for about one ten thousandth of the total population of China, which also covered 36 other ethnic minorities except the Han nationality. This is the largest-scale Chinese genome sequencing and analysis to date. The connection with fertility and understanding of the genetic structure of the Chinese population are of great help.
As an important branch of life science engineering, gene sequencing technology has become the focus of clinical diagnosis and medical research since its birth. The most extensive application of genetic testing technology in the medical field should be consumer genetic testing. Before birth, gene sequencing can assist IVF, helping parents with genetic defects to conceive a healthy next generation; during pregnancy, through non-invasive prenatal testing for the presence of polyploidy in the fetus; testing for newborns, It is not only the detection of genetic genes in somatic cells, but also the detection of pathogens to understand the cause...
Jobs once spent about $100,000 for genetic testing after suffering from pancreatic cancer. Hollywood star Angelina Jolie also detected BRCA1 gene defects through genetic testing in 2013, which has improved disease prevention and prevention to a certain extent. In the early days of diagnosis and treatment, due to the high price, genetic testing seemed out of reach for the general public. However, in recent years, as the cost of genetic testing has decreased, consumer-level genetic testing has gradually become popular as a bridge between life and clinical, medical treatment and health care. The drop in costs has led to the rapid rise of the genetic testing market, and numerous companies have sprung up, making the genetic testing industry a major trend in recent years.
Tumor immunity is the focus of future development of genetic testing
With the development of technology in recent years, more genetic companies have begun to transfer genetic testing from the consumer line business and auxiliary appreciation to the tumor business. Tumor immunotherapy has gradually become a new hot spot in the medical community in recent years. “Immunotherapy will mark a new era of tumor treatment.†This can be seen from the degree of fanaticism of global pharmaceutical companies for PD-1/PD-L1 targets. Similarly, from the speed of BMS and Merck’s PD-1 immunosuppressant entering China, we can also see the degree of market demand-every step of it has aroused market attention.
However, not everyone can respond to PD-1/PD-L1, and gene sequencing once again played an important role. In the early years, foreign products have not yet entered the market, and domestic products have not yet entered the middle and late stages of clinical trials. More sequencing companies are still based on the choice of targeted drugs. According to incomplete statistics, there were only a few companies that published immunotherapy sequencing in 2017. Among them, Yuce Biotechnology and Rendong Medical initiated tumor immunity cohort research "Ladder Project" and "Ark Project" respectively.
As foreign products begin to enter the domestic market, and domestic products enter the late clinical stage or even the declaration stage, more and more companies have begun to launch immunotherapy companion diagnostic products. Even at CSCO in 2018, immunotherapy companion diagnosis has become a fashion in the sequencing world. Will these products be as homogeneous as prenatal testing and targeted testing? We don't know yet. But what is certain is that with the 2018 Nobel Prize in Medicine awarded to two tumor immunology scientists James Allison and Tasuku Honio, the research on tumor immunotherapy is bound to usher in a climax.
Big data is the cornerstone of genetic testing technology
With the advent of the era of big data, medical care in the future must be based on data. The intervention of big data may make the entire medical target no longer specific individuals, but face the whole people, face the whole growth cycle, the health assessment of the process from birth to death, and predict and intervene on it. The current medical treatment is still based on diagnosis and treatment, but in the future, with the blessing of big data, perhaps the entire medical process will move forward and focus on health assurance. The role of gene (or multi-omics) big data is to analyze and research a certain disease or population in a certain subdivision field, to establish a more reliable model, and then use this set of models to cover more unknowns crowd. Genomics is the largest database at the bottom, and its value is predictable.
The most important task of future gene sequencing companies is to complete the accumulation of massive amounts of data. In addition to genomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, clinical phenotypes, clinical cases and even follow-up data are also collected. However, the data is not a large data queue. In addition to the accumulation of massive data, reliable and efficient sample management , Data filtering is also essential.
The implementation of big data outlet gene sequencing technology
The current genetic testing technology can be roughly divided into the following landing modes:
The first is "genetic testing + physical examination". The limitation of physical examination is that it can only detect diseases but not prevent health risks. With the emergence of genetic testing technology, people can learn about the innate susceptibility genes through testing, and end the treatment early. If you are ignorant of your own situation, adopt the most appropriate health management methods. The cooperation between Chinese medical examination and preventive medicine companies Meinian Health and Meyin Gene is this kind of landing model. After the cooperation between the two parties, a link in the ecosystem that uses genetic testing to implement disease prevention has been established. Its annual report released at the end of March indicated that the company had fully promoted the medical examination business including genetic testing in the past year.
The second is "gene detection + health care". Some gene variants can show the rate of inflammation and DNA repair and replication; some variants can tell us the metabolism of food and whether this individual is prone to cancer due to ingested burnt food. , Whether it will suffer from lactose intolerance, etc., the well-known American food company Campbell has invested 32 million US dollars in Habbit, which has attracted a lot of attention. Habbit can select the most suitable food for the user based on the user's genetic test results, combined with age, weight, height, and activity level.
There is also "gene detection + tumor", which is also the most significant application of genetic detection. BGI uses mature gene detection technologies such as Sanger method two-way sequencing, chip capture, high-throughput sequencing, and MALDI-TOF MS. Combined with the analysis of biological information, analyze the patient's genetic variation information, predict the risk of cancer, and guide the subject to formulate personalized health care plans; in addition, it can provide a full range of medication guidance for cancer patients to achieve personalized treatment of tumors.
The genetic testing market will develop in a spurt in the next few years, but the overall market competition is in a state of chaos, and industrial integration will become an inevitable trend in the future. The successive implementation of genetic testing will also promote drug guidance and the germination of the microbial sequencing market. The maturity of technology and the increase in market awareness will become industry catalysts. More companies are still looking for more connotative products and richer product models. The future market value and potential of the gene sequencing market is still worth looking forward to.
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