According to the requirements of digital signal processing, DSP chips generally have the following main features:
(1) One multiplication and one addition can be completed in one instruction cycle.
(2) The program and data space are separated, and the instructions and data can be accessed simultaneously.
(3) On-chip has fast RAM, which can usually be accessed simultaneously in two blocks via a separate data bus.
(4) Hardware support with low overhead or no overhead loops and jumps.
(5) Fast interrupt handling and hardware I/O support.
(6) A plurality of hardware address generators operating in a single cycle.
(7) Multiple operations can be performed in parallel.
(8) Support pipeline operations so that operations such as fetch, decode, and execute can be performed in an overlapping manner. Other general-purpose functions of DSP chips are relatively weak compared to general-purpose microprocessors.
DSP chips can be classified in the following three ways.
1. According to the basic characteristics
This is categorized according to the operating clock and instruction type of the DSP chip. If the DSP chip can work normally at any clock frequency within a certain clock frequency range, there is no performance degradation except for the change of the calculation speed. Such DSP chips are generally called static DSP chips. For example, the DSP chip of OKI Electric Co., Ltd. of Japan and the TMS320C2XX series chip of TI Corporation belong to this category.
If there are two or more DSP chips, their instruction set and the corresponding machine code machine pin structure are compatible with each other, then such DSP chip is called a consistent DSP chip. For example, TI's TMS320C54X belongs to this category.
2. By data format
This is categorized according to the data format in which the DSP chip works. DSP chips that work in fixed-point format are called fixed-point DSP chips, such as TI's TMS320C1X/C2X, TMS320C2XX/C5X, TMS320C54X/C62XX series, AD's ADSP21XX series, AT&T's DSP16/16A, and Motolora's MC56000. Floating-point DSP chips, such as TI's TMS320C3X/C4X/C8X, AD's ADSP21XXX series, AT&T's DSP32/32C, Motolora's MC96002, etc.
Different floating-point DSP chips use floating-point formats that are not exactly the same. Some DSP chips use a custom floating-point format, such as TMS320C3X, while some DSP chips use IEEE standard floating-point formats, such as Motorola's MC96002. FUJITSU's MB86232 and ZORAN's ZR35325.
3. By purpose
According to the purpose of the DSP, it can be divided into a general-purpose DSP chip and a dedicated DSP chip. The general-purpose DSP chip is suitable for common DSP applications. For example, TI's series of DSP chips belong to general-purpose DSP chips. Dedicated DSP chips are designed for specific DSP operations, and are more suitable for special operations such as digital filtering, convolution and FFT, such as Motorola's DSP56200, Zoran's ZR34881, and Inmos's IMSA100, which are dedicated DSP chips. .
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