In October last year, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to a Japanese scientist who invented a blue light-emitting diode. "The incandescent lamp lights up the 20th century, and the LED lights up in the 21st century." From the awards, the LED is LED. Recognized as the core component of next-generation display and lighting technology.
A few dozen days later, a paper by Chinese scientists published in Nature, reporting important research advances in the field of quantum dot light-emitting diodes. In this study by Zhejiang University's research group, scientists designed a new high-performance quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) that pushes the lifetime under brightness conditions to a practical level of 100,000 hours, which means this New devices are expected to be a strong contender for next-generation display and lighting technologies.
"We have seen the first quantum dot application with subversive significance, which is the 'quantum dot LED' with excellent performance," said Peng Xiaogang, head of the research team and professor of the High-tech Materials Chemistry Center of Zhejiang University.
Quantum dots can greatly improve the luminescence properties of diodes. "The importance of luminescent materials to humans determines that quantum dots will become a star material." Peng Xiaogang believes.
Light is a form of energy. When electrons in matter transition from a high energy level to a relatively low energy level, energy is released. If this energy is expressed in the form of light, it will be seen. This substance is shining.
Researchers have explained that in semiconductor materials, if electrons fall into the cavity of the empty level, they emit photons, which is called "electron-hole recombination." However, the recombinable electrons and holes are not always present in the material, and the recombination process requires electrical or photoexcitation. Light-emitting diodes are electrically activated light-emitting devices.
When the LED is energized, electrons and holes migrate under the action of an electric field, and they may recombine when they meet, but this process is not easy. They must have a fate, interact to form an "electron-hole pair", and finally can be compounded under suitable conditions, giving a symbol of happiness - photon.
In order to ensure a high compounding efficiency, researchers often provide a composite medium, which is called "luminescent material." By arranging electrons and holes in such materials, the probability of success is greatly increased. The scientific name is "soluble inorganic semiconductor nanocrystals", which is simply referred to as quantum dots of solution nanocrystals. It is a very excellent luminescent medium. As long as electrons and holes enter the quantum dots one-to-one, composite luminescence, luminescence quantum Efficiency can be as high as 100%.
Peng Xiaogang's research group synthesized a quantum dot luminescent material suitable for LED, and then cooperated with Jinyizheng Research Group of Zhejiang University to create a new type of quantum dot light-emitting diode. At the same time, the structure is carefully designed to make the electrons slow down the "step", and the holes accelerate the pace, which promotes the effective meeting of electrons and holes, and greatly improves the high-efficiency luminescence performance and stability of the quantum dot light-emitting diode.
This also solves two key problems that Peng Xiaogang believes: to make quantum dot light-emitting diodes reach the practical application level, one is how to customize the quantum dot materials suitable for LEDs; the second is how to design their structures to achieve maximum Electro-optical conversion efficiency.
What kind of material is the vital quantum dot?
Different sizes of quantum dots can represent different colors. "Quantum dots are nano-sized semiconductor crystals whose three-dimensional dimensions are below 100 nm. Put them in solution, and humans have a new class of materials. It has the dual nature of crystals and solutions. From a chemical point of view, it is even a new class of molecules; from the future of materials, it represents many new possibilities." Peng Xiaogang said.
The size of a quantum dot is about one hundred thousandth of the diameter of a hair, which is invisible to the human eye. It is at the nanoscale that quantum dots exhibit quantum effects—when these semiconductor crystals are small to nanoscale, different sizes can emit light of different colors, even if the size differs by a few or a dozen atoms. By adjusting the size of the quantum dots, the desired color of light can be obtained. For example, cadmium selenide, a semiconductor nanocrystal, emits blue light at 2 nm, red light when it reaches 8 nm, and green yellow orange in the middle.
"Using quantum dots of different sizes, we will see different colors, and the colors are very bright." Dr. Zhao Fei of Hangzhou Najing Technology Co., Ltd., who is involved in the project cooperation, said that the name of quantum dots is also derived from semiconductor nanometers. The quantum size effect of the crystal.
For a long time, the synthesis of quantum dots has relied on some particularly active and highly toxic substances. When the air is seen, it will explode and must be kept in the refrigerator. Peng Xiaogang's earlier contribution in foreign countries was to find a "green" organic solvent route, as long as there is an ordinary chemical synthesis laboratory to do a simple synthesis of quantum dots. After that, the quantum dot growth mechanism was further systematically explored, and the range of relatively high quality quantum dots was gradually expanded to various semiconductors. Soon, this “green†route was promoted around the world.
"The last method I found was to replace the expensive unstable raw materials with common chemicals by understanding the special mechanism of crystal growth. Science is like this. I didn't find the fog before, and it was quite simple after I found it." Peng Xiaogang said.
<br> <br> is expected to play an important role in lighting and display industry in nanocrystalline technology companies, a few test tubes and a few large or small plastic bottles were fitted with green, yellow, red colored liquid, which is Quantum dot solution. After purifying a barrel of 2000 ml of solution, the crystal is probably only the point of the finger. "But there are '10,000 TV sets inside.'" Zhao Fei said that these quantum dots can be used to make 10,000 new color TVs using quantum dots.
From the demo screen played by the quantum dot TV, it is also blue or red, which can distinguish many different vividness levels. The same is the red lipstick, which can present and distinguish 100 lipsticks with different color differences.
Peng Xiaogang said that the application of quantum dots is very extensive. In the field of biomedical science, quantum dots can be used to fully display the skeleton of a cell. It is easy to use different colors of quantum dots to simultaneously detect multiple pathogens or pesticide residues. Moreover, because the quantum dot absorption capacity is very strong, the sensitivity can be greatly improved. Lighting is also a big industry, using quantum dots of light-emitting diodes, closer to natural light, and heat is greatly reduced.
Scientists believe that the quantum dot may bring significant changes to the industry, first and foremost. The current first-generation quantum dot display products are based on photoexcited luminescence, and both Natin Technologies and the US companies have entered the commercialization stage. This new type of backlight makes the display color highly pure and saturated. Quantum dot LEDs bring quantum dot displays to the second generation. At present, Zhejiang University and Najing Technology Co., Ltd. are in the international leading position in the second generation of quantum dot display technology.
"A series of experimental results validate the practicality of quantum dot light-emitting diodes. This in turn indicates that quantum dot light-emitting diodes are expected to play a more important role in both lighting and display industries." Peng Xiaogang said that both display and illumination require white light. Or red, green and blue light, the research team will develop high-efficiency QLEDs of various illuminating wavelengths under the premise of maintaining a low-cost solution preparation process, allowing photons generated by electron and hole recombination to be illuminated by thousands of households.
A few dozen days later, a paper by Chinese scientists published in Nature, reporting important research advances in the field of quantum dot light-emitting diodes. In this study by Zhejiang University's research group, scientists designed a new high-performance quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) that pushes the lifetime under brightness conditions to a practical level of 100,000 hours, which means this New devices are expected to be a strong contender for next-generation display and lighting technologies.
"We have seen the first quantum dot application with subversive significance, which is the 'quantum dot LED' with excellent performance," said Peng Xiaogang, head of the research team and professor of the High-tech Materials Chemistry Center of Zhejiang University.
Quantum dots can greatly improve the luminescence properties of diodes. "The importance of luminescent materials to humans determines that quantum dots will become a star material." Peng Xiaogang believes.
Light is a form of energy. When electrons in matter transition from a high energy level to a relatively low energy level, energy is released. If this energy is expressed in the form of light, it will be seen. This substance is shining.
Researchers have explained that in semiconductor materials, if electrons fall into the cavity of the empty level, they emit photons, which is called "electron-hole recombination." However, the recombinable electrons and holes are not always present in the material, and the recombination process requires electrical or photoexcitation. Light-emitting diodes are electrically activated light-emitting devices.
When the LED is energized, electrons and holes migrate under the action of an electric field, and they may recombine when they meet, but this process is not easy. They must have a fate, interact to form an "electron-hole pair", and finally can be compounded under suitable conditions, giving a symbol of happiness - photon.
In order to ensure a high compounding efficiency, researchers often provide a composite medium, which is called "luminescent material." By arranging electrons and holes in such materials, the probability of success is greatly increased. The scientific name is "soluble inorganic semiconductor nanocrystals", which is simply referred to as quantum dots of solution nanocrystals. It is a very excellent luminescent medium. As long as electrons and holes enter the quantum dots one-to-one, composite luminescence, luminescence quantum Efficiency can be as high as 100%.
Peng Xiaogang's research group synthesized a quantum dot luminescent material suitable for LED, and then cooperated with Jinyizheng Research Group of Zhejiang University to create a new type of quantum dot light-emitting diode. At the same time, the structure is carefully designed to make the electrons slow down the "step", and the holes accelerate the pace, which promotes the effective meeting of electrons and holes, and greatly improves the high-efficiency luminescence performance and stability of the quantum dot light-emitting diode.
This also solves two key problems that Peng Xiaogang believes: to make quantum dot light-emitting diodes reach the practical application level, one is how to customize the quantum dot materials suitable for LEDs; the second is how to design their structures to achieve maximum Electro-optical conversion efficiency.
What kind of material is the vital quantum dot?
Different sizes of quantum dots can represent different colors. "Quantum dots are nano-sized semiconductor crystals whose three-dimensional dimensions are below 100 nm. Put them in solution, and humans have a new class of materials. It has the dual nature of crystals and solutions. From a chemical point of view, it is even a new class of molecules; from the future of materials, it represents many new possibilities." Peng Xiaogang said.
The size of a quantum dot is about one hundred thousandth of the diameter of a hair, which is invisible to the human eye. It is at the nanoscale that quantum dots exhibit quantum effects—when these semiconductor crystals are small to nanoscale, different sizes can emit light of different colors, even if the size differs by a few or a dozen atoms. By adjusting the size of the quantum dots, the desired color of light can be obtained. For example, cadmium selenide, a semiconductor nanocrystal, emits blue light at 2 nm, red light when it reaches 8 nm, and green yellow orange in the middle.
"Using quantum dots of different sizes, we will see different colors, and the colors are very bright." Dr. Zhao Fei of Hangzhou Najing Technology Co., Ltd., who is involved in the project cooperation, said that the name of quantum dots is also derived from semiconductor nanometers. The quantum size effect of the crystal.
For a long time, the synthesis of quantum dots has relied on some particularly active and highly toxic substances. When the air is seen, it will explode and must be kept in the refrigerator. Peng Xiaogang's earlier contribution in foreign countries was to find a "green" organic solvent route, as long as there is an ordinary chemical synthesis laboratory to do a simple synthesis of quantum dots. After that, the quantum dot growth mechanism was further systematically explored, and the range of relatively high quality quantum dots was gradually expanded to various semiconductors. Soon, this “green†route was promoted around the world.
"The last method I found was to replace the expensive unstable raw materials with common chemicals by understanding the special mechanism of crystal growth. Science is like this. I didn't find the fog before, and it was quite simple after I found it." Peng Xiaogang said.
<br> <br> is expected to play an important role in lighting and display industry in nanocrystalline technology companies, a few test tubes and a few large or small plastic bottles were fitted with green, yellow, red colored liquid, which is Quantum dot solution. After purifying a barrel of 2000 ml of solution, the crystal is probably only the point of the finger. "But there are '10,000 TV sets inside.'" Zhao Fei said that these quantum dots can be used to make 10,000 new color TVs using quantum dots.
From the demo screen played by the quantum dot TV, it is also blue or red, which can distinguish many different vividness levels. The same is the red lipstick, which can present and distinguish 100 lipsticks with different color differences.
Peng Xiaogang said that the application of quantum dots is very extensive. In the field of biomedical science, quantum dots can be used to fully display the skeleton of a cell. It is easy to use different colors of quantum dots to simultaneously detect multiple pathogens or pesticide residues. Moreover, because the quantum dot absorption capacity is very strong, the sensitivity can be greatly improved. Lighting is also a big industry, using quantum dots of light-emitting diodes, closer to natural light, and heat is greatly reduced.
Scientists believe that the quantum dot may bring significant changes to the industry, first and foremost. The current first-generation quantum dot display products are based on photoexcited luminescence, and both Natin Technologies and the US companies have entered the commercialization stage. This new type of backlight makes the display color highly pure and saturated. Quantum dot LEDs bring quantum dot displays to the second generation. At present, Zhejiang University and Najing Technology Co., Ltd. are in the international leading position in the second generation of quantum dot display technology.
"A series of experimental results validate the practicality of quantum dot light-emitting diodes. This in turn indicates that quantum dot light-emitting diodes are expected to play a more important role in both lighting and display industries." Peng Xiaogang said that both display and illumination require white light. Or red, green and blue light, the research team will develop high-efficiency QLEDs of various illuminating wavelengths under the premise of maintaining a low-cost solution preparation process, allowing photons generated by electron and hole recombination to be illuminated by thousands of households.
Photovoltaic inverter (PV inverter or solar inverter) can convert the variable DC voltage generated by photovoltaic (PV) solar panels into an inverter of mains frequency alternating current (AC), which can be fed back to the commercial transmission system, or for off-grid Grid usage of the grid. The photovoltaic inverter is one of the important balance of system (BOS) in photovoltaic array system, which can be used with general AC power supply equipment. Solar inverters have special functions for photovoltaic arrays, such as maximum power point tracking and island effect protection. Photovoltaic inverters usually consist of the following main parts:
DC input: The photovoltaic inverter receives DC power input from solar panels.
Inverter module: The inverter module is the core part of the inverter, responsible for converting direct current into alternating current. It contains multiple electronic components and switching circuits, through precise control and adjustment, convert direct current into alternating current of specific frequency and voltage.
Controller: The controller monitors and controls the operation and performance of the inverter to ensure the stable operation of the inverter and make optimal adjustments when needed.
Output: The output of the inverter is alternating current, which can be connected to household appliances, industrial equipment or incorporated into the grid to supply electricity.
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