Difference Between Spectrum Analyzer and Network Analyzer
Spectrum analyzers have two main structures: sweep type and FFT. Due to the limitation of the measurement frequency in the FFT structure, it is generally only used for low frequencies, while the sweep type is widely used in radio frequency and microwave fields.
The advantages of frequency sweep to FFT are: wide frequency range, low DANL, large dynamic range, etc.
The advantage of FFT over frequency sweep is: real-time measurement
Of course, some sweep spectrum analyzers also have FFT function, such as PSA, general spectrum analyzer, AD acquisition of the back-end received signal, and then processed by DSP, which can realize the function of VSA (vector signal analyzer), such as ESA+89601A.
Of course, the current spectrum analyzer functions can also be extended, such as NF testing, phase noise testing, digital modulation testing, etc., but these are often used as options, which means additional capital is required.
The main function of the spectrum analyzer is to observe the spectrum of various modulation signals, amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, etc., so as to realize the survey of modulation degree and modulation quality. Not only that, spectrum analyzers can also measure single-sideband phase noise in various signal sources, check for harmonic distortion in signals, monitor wireless signals in a certain frequency range, and more.
There are two types of network analyzers, vector and scalar. Currently, mostly vectors. That is, it can measure transmission, reflection amplitude and phase information simultaneously. A network analyzer has its own signal source and receiver, but if it is understood as a combination of a signal source and spectrum analyzer, that is. This is problematic because current standard network analyzers can only measure linear parameters. It scans at the same frequency. For example, when the VNA scans f1, the receiver also measures the transmission and reflection of the F1 signal, and calculates the S-parameters again.
Of course, the capabilities of the VNA have been expanded. Generally VNA has frequcney option. In this way, sweep testing of frequency offset devices such as Mix can be accomplished. Of course, with this frequency shift, nonlinear testing of the device, such as harmonic parameter testing, is also possible.
Another major extension of VNAs is testing differential devices. With the wide application of differential topology, VNA has also introduced such as four-port VNA. However, the signals generated by the VNA are not physically differential, but logically differential. It mainly completes the test of the four-port network, and then performs hybrid S-parameter conversion. The differential performance of a DUT is obtained, but a four-port VNA is typically twice as fast as a two-port.
Regarding the vector network analyzer, because it has a signal generator itself, it is capable of frequency sweeping a frequency band. If it is a single-port measurement, add the excitation signal to the port, and complete the judgment of impedance or reflection by measuring the amplitude of the returned signal and the phase of the network analyzer. For the dual-port measurement, the transmission parameter measurement can also be completed.
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