Nowadays, the country's requirements for environmental protection are becoming more and more strict, and three-way catalytic converters are increasingly becoming standard parts for automobiles. When talking about the three-way catalytic converter, many old drivers should know, but do you know what the role and working principle of the three-way catalytic converter is?
The role of three-way catalytic converter - purification of exhaust gasThe three-way catalytic converter is the most important off-board purification device installed in the exhaust system of automobiles. It can convert harmful gases such as CO, HC and NOx emitted from automobile exhaust into harmless carbon dioxide, water and oxidation through oxidation and reduction. Nitrogen. Since the catalyst can simultaneously convert the main harmful substances in the exhaust gas into harmless substances. As environmental protection requirements become more demanding, more and more automobiles are equipped with exhaust gas catalytic converters and oxygen sensor devices. It is installed in the exhaust pipe of the engine and is also called a ternary (effect) catalytic converter through oxidation-reduction reaction, carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
Of course, the main role of the three-way catalyst is obvious, and its main function is to purify the air discharged from the rear of the car. When the high-temperature automobile exhaust passes through the purification device, the purifying agent in the three-way catalytic converter will enhance the activities of the three gases CO, HC and NOx, and cause it to undergo a certain oxidation-reduction chemical reaction.
Among them, CO is oxidized to a colorless and non-toxic carbon dioxide gas at high temperature; HC compounds are oxidized to water (H20) and carbon dioxide at high temperature; NOx is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen; this achieves the purpose of purifying air, which is ternary A major role of the catalyst.
When the high-temperature automobile exhaust passes through the purification device, the purifying agent in the three-way catalytic converter will enhance the activities of the three gases CO, HC and NOx, and cause it to undergo a certain oxidation-reduction chemical reaction, in which CO is oxidized at a high temperature to become Color, non-toxic carbon dioxide gas; HC compounds are oxidized to water (H20) and carbon dioxide at high temperatures; NOx is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. Therefore, its role is to make the three harmful gases into harmless gases, so that the car exhaust can be purified.
The three-way catalytic converter is equipped with a heat-insulating material asbestos fiber felt in a double-layer thin plate sandwich, and is made of a double-layer stainless steel plate in the outer shape, and a purifying agent is installed in the middle of the mesh-shaped separator. Usually, the purifying agent is Carrier and catalyst composition. The carrier is generally made of alumina, and has the shape of a spherical shape, a polygonal shape, a mesh separator, etc., and the scavenger is actually catalytic, also called a catalyst. The catalyst uses metal platinum, rhodium, and palladium, and one of them is sprayed on the carrier to form a purifying agent.
When the high-temperature automobile exhaust passes through the purification device, the purifying agent in the three-way catalytic converter will enhance the activities of the three gases CO, HC and NOx, and cause it to undergo a certain oxidation-reduction chemical reaction, in which CO is oxidized at a high temperature to become Color, non-toxic carbon dioxide gas; HC compounds are oxidized to water (H20) and carbon dioxide at high temperatures; NOx is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen, and the three harmful gases become harmless gases.
Three-way catalytic converter uses eight1. Be careful not to let the engine speed fluctuate;
2. Be careful not to use leaded gasoline;
3. Be careful not to run quickly for a long time;
4. Be careful not to ignite the ignition time too late;
5. Be careful not to start for a long time;
6. Do not pull out the high voltage line for a long time to test;
7. When it is found that there is a malfunction of the cylinder, do not ignore the continued driving, and need to stop and check in time to eliminate the fault.
8. Normally, the catalytic converter will not be problematic if it is used correctly, so do not disassemble it. Usually it needs to match the engine when it is replaced.
Performance characteristicsThe three-way catalytic converter has stable performance, reliable quality and long service life. Its products are widely used in Toyota, Honda, Buick, Audi, Volkswagen, Hyundai, Suzuki and Changhe.
The carrier component of the three-way catalytic converter is a porous ceramic material that is installed in a special exhaust pipe. It is called a carrier because it does not participate in the catalytic reaction itself, but is covered with a precious metal such as platinum, rhodium or palladium. It converts HC and CO from exhaust gas into water and CO2, while decomposing Nox into nitrogen and oxygen. HC and CO are toxic gases. Excessive inhalation can cause death, and NOX can directly cause photochemical smog.
Three-way catalysts have proven to be the most effective way to reduce these emissions. By oxidation and reduction, carbon monoxide is oxidized to carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons are oxidized to water and carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides are reduced to nitrogen and oxygen.
All three harmful gases have become harmless gases. The three-way catalyst reacts at a minimum of 250 ° C. When the temperature is too low, the conversion efficiency drops sharply. The catalyst's active temperature (optimal operating temperature) is about 400 ° C to 800 ° C. Too high will also cause the catalyst to age. Intensified. At the ideal air-fuel ratio (14.7:1), the catalytic conversion effect is also the best.
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